The history of computers

Point To Be Noted

 The word "computers" includes very large realm of things: computer like simple soroban ,　family computer(made by NINTENDO), one that we usually use in school or office. Describing the all is so difficult　jobs that I will do computers that we usually use everyday. About this, I will write two as follows.

1. What is the first computer?
2. Who invented it and when it was made?

1. What is the First Computer?

　The computers we use everyday are called 'von Neuman type computer'.　Today, almost all of computers are this type. 

　The feature of this type of computer is that it includes programs and required dates in it while former types of computer have it in the form of hardware. Including programs and dates enable computes to　flexible managements , for changing of electric wiring　has not been needed: in former type of computer, the form of electric wiring represents programs, which leads to the fact that change of programs need to changing of form of electric wiring, requiring a lot of effort. 

　Unfortunately, von Neuman type of computer also has weak points: Von Neumann bottleneck. In this type of computer, main memory, which stores programs and required dates, and CPU, which dose arithmetic processing and return results, are separated, leading to delay of transfer of dates. Finally, our work has been delayed. 

   To deal with this weak point, cache has been made. Cache is small and fast memory, which is in or near CPU. By cache storing dates, processing speed become fast dramatically.

2. Who Invented it and When it Made?

 Von Neuman type computer was invented by John von Neumann(1903-1957) in the late 1940s. He is a Hungarian mathematician and called one of the important persons in the 20th century. He not only invented the computer as above but also contributed　to invention of nuclear bomb. He assisted Manhattan Project　technologically. Also, he has the one of the greatest talent in the world. For example, it is said that he had been learned infinitesimal calculus at the age of 8 and could learn the all number in a phone book. Furthermore, he advocated theory of games, which still contributes economics.

John von Neumann(1903-1957)